Stambena prava u Hrvatskoj i problemi njihova ostvarenja

U ovom se tekstu analizira priroda stambenih potreba i stambene potrošnje kako bi nužnost državne intervencije bila jasna. Obim socijalnih prava i tipovi stambenih programa, ne slijede uvijek logiku razvoja socijalnih država. Stambena su prava sve više diverzificirana i zasnovana na potrebama ciljanih skupina. S krizom modernih socijalnih država pod udar dolaze stambena prava i stambeni programi. Stambena su prava pod stalnim preispitivanjem i u podmirivanje stambenih potreba uvodi se sve više tržišnih zakona. U srednjoeuropskim tranzicijskim zemljama stambena su prava tijekom 1990-ih bila na margini socijalnih programa novih socijalnih država, ali noviji razvoj govori o uspostavljanju programa stambene politike. U preispitivanju razine socijalnih prava i njihovog ostvarivanja u Hrvatskoj provjeravamo hipotezu o njihovoj ovisnosti o naslijeđu, ekonomskoj krizi i neosviještenosti različitih dionika na policy razini. Analizira se proces prodaje društvenih stanova, struktura stambenih statusa, subvencioniranje najamnina i troškova stanovanja, stambena štednja, dugoročno kreditiranje stambene gradnje, društveno poticana stanogradnja, porezna politika glede stambenog zbrinjavanja, stambeno zbrinjavanje privilegiranih i ranjivih skupina. Zaključno se ukazuje na potrebu provedbe dodatnih empirijskih istraživanja kako bi se postojeća stambena prava učinkovitije i djelotvornije ostvarivala. Daju se prijedlozi i za ustanovljavanjem novih stambenih prava.This text analyses the nature of housing needs and housing expenditure in order to clarify the necessity of the state intervention. The scope of social rights and the types of housing programs do not always follow the logic of the welfare state development. Housing rights are becoming increasingly diversified and based on the needs of target groups. Housing rights and housing programs are becoming affected by the crisis of modern welfare states. Housing rights are constantly being re-examined, and more and more market laws are introduced in the meeting of housing needs. In 1990s housing rights were on the margin of the social programs of new welfare states in the Central European countries in transition, but the more recent development speaks of the establishment of housing policy programs. By re-examining the level of social rights and their realisation in Croatia, we are testing the hypothesis of their dependence on the heritage, economic crisis and the lack of awareness of various stakeholders on the policy level. The processes of the sale of public housing, the structure of housing tenure, subsidising the rents and housing costs, housing saving, longterm granting credits for housing building, state supported housing construction, taxation policy in regards of housing provision, housing provision for privileged and vulnerable groups are analysed. In the conclusion, the need for the implementation of additional empirical research in order to realise the existing housing rights more efficiently is emphasised. The proposal is given for the establishment of new housing rights