Open AccessModels to assess imported cases on the rebound of COVID-19 and design a long-term border control strategy in Heilongjiang Province, China
Author(s) -
Xianghong Zhang,
Yoon Kang Song,
Sanyi Tang,
Hongmei Xue,
Wanchun Chen,
Qin Ling-ling,
Jia Shou-shi,
Ying Shen,
Shilei Zhao,
Huaiping Zhu
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
mathematical biosciences and engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.451
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1551-0018
pISSN - 1547-1063
DOI - 10.3934/mbe.2022001
Subject(s) - china , government (linguistics) , pandemic , business , population , closure (psychology) , control (management) , quarantine , covid-19 , transmission (telecommunications) , port (circuit theory) , economic growth , geography , development economics , economics , environmental health , computer science , engineering , medicine , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty) , telecommunications , philosophy , linguistics , archaeology , pathology , management , market economy , electrical engineering
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, it has spread quickly and become a global pandemic. While the epidemic has been contained well in China due to unprecedented public health interventions, it is still raging or not yet been restrained in some neighboring countries. Chinese government adopted a strict policy of immigration diversion in major entry ports, and it makes Suifenhe port in Heilongjiang Province undertook more importing population. It is essential to understand how imported cases and other key factors of screening affect the epidemic rebound and its mitigation in Heilongjiang Province. Thus we proposed a time switching dynamical system to explore and mimic the disease transmission in three time stages considering importation and control. Cross validation of parameter estimations was carried out to improve the credibility of estimations by fitting the model with eight time series of cumulative numbers simultaneous. Simulation of the dynamics shows that illegal imported cases and imperfect protection in hospitals are the main reasons for the second epidemic wave, the actual border control intensities in the province are relatively effective in early stage. However, a long-term border closure may cause a paradox phenomenon such that it is much harder to restrain the epidemic. Hence it is essential to design an effective border reopening strategy for long-term border control by balancing the limited resources on hotel rooms for quarantine and hospital beds. Our results can be helpful for public health to design border control strategies to suppress COVID-19 transmission.