Strategic joining in a single-server retrial queue with batch service

We consider a single-server retrial queue with batch service where potential customers arrive according to a Poisson process. The service process has two stages: busy period and admission period, which are corresponding to whether the server is in service or not, respectively. In such an alternate renewal process, if arrivals find busy period, they make join-or-balk decisions. Those joining ones will stay in the orbit and attempt to get into server at a constant rate. While, if arrivals find the server is in an admission period, they get into the server directly. At the end of each admission period, all customers in the server will be served together regardless of the size of the batch. The reward of each arrival after completion of service depends on the service size. Furthermore, customers in the orbit fail to get into the server before the end of each service cycle will be forced to leave the system. We study an observable scenario that customers are informed about the service period upon arrivals and an unobservable case without this information. The Nash equilibrium joining strategies are identified and the social- and profit- maximization problems are obtained, respectively. Finally, the optimal joining strategies in the observable queue and the comparison of social welfare between the two queues are illustrated by numerical examples.