First determination of some phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activities of Geranium ibericum subsp. jubatum: A plant endemic to Turkey

This paper includes the results of the first study about the phenolic characteristics and antimicrobial analyses of Geranium ibericum subsp. jubatum species found in Turkey . In the present work, the phenolic contents of different parts of the G. ibericum (flower, root, leaf) were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-DAD (diode-array detector) and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS (mass spectrometry). The following phenolic compounds were investigated: catechin, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p -coumaric acid, rutin, naringenin, kaempferol . Based on the results obtained, the roots and flowers of the plant are found to be very rich in ellagic acid (3473.57 µg g -1 dry plant) and catechin (2228.76 µg g -1 dry plant). The amount of chlorogenic acid (54.570 µg g -1 dry plant) is also high in the roots. The amounts of protocatechuic acid (122.5 µg g -1 dry plant) and gallic acid (725.34 µg g -1 dry plant) are high in the leaves. In addition, the total extract of G. ibericum obtained from leaf, flower, and root was tested against 6 gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans . The G. ibericum extract was nearly as effective as commercial antibiotics at some concentrations (500-750 µg µL -1 ) for Acinetobacter baumannii , Klebsiella pneumonia , Proteus mirabilis , and Bacillus cereus .