Open AccessMolecular mechanisms of opioid tolerance: From opioid receptors to inflammatory mediators (Review)
Author(s) -
Jie Zhou,
Ruijie Ma,
Jiang Ying,
Junfan Fang,
Junying Du,
Xiaomei Shao,
Yi Liang,
Jianqiao Fang
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
experimental and therapeutic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1792-1015
pISSN - 1792-0981
DOI - 10.3892/etm.2021.10437
Subject(s) - opioid , medicine , pharmacology , desensitization (medicine) , proinflammatory cytokine , receptor , drug tolerance , chronic pain , opioid receptor , bioinformatics , biology , immunology , inflammation , psychiatry