Open AccessCitrulline cooperatively exerts an anti‑inflammatory effect on synovial cells with glucosamine and N‑acetylglucosamine
Author(s) -
Yoshie Yamagishi,
Akimasa Someya,
Isao Nagaoka
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
biomedical reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.607
H-Index - 25
eISSN - 2049-9442
pISSN - 2049-9434
DOI - 10.3892/br.2020.1304
Subject(s) - glucosamine , n acetylglucosamine , citrulline , inflammation , chemistry , phosphorylation , apoptosis , acetylglucosamine , oncogene , synovial fluid , d glucosamine , biochemistry , immunology , cell cycle , osteoarthritis , medicine , amino acid , arginine , pathology , enzyme , alternative medicine
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of citrulline (Cit), glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on synovial cells, which are primarily involved in inflammatory joint diseases. The combined effect of Cit, GlcN and GlcNAc on synovial cell inflammation was assessed by measuring IL-1β-induced IL-6 production. GlcN and GlcNAc (0.5 mM each) alone did not suppress IL-6 production, whereas Cit (0.5 mM) did significantly suppress IL-6 production. Furthermore, the combined effect of Cit, GlcNAc and GlcN was examined; Cit + GlcN and Cit + GlcNAc significantly suppressed not only IL-6 production, but also phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Similarly, combination of GlcN + GlcNAc significantly suppressed IL-6 production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These observations suggest that among Cit, GlcNAc and GlcN, the combination of Cit with GlcN or GlcNAc exerts a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect on synovial cells, thereby possibly exhibiting chondroprotective effects and alleviating inflammatory joint diseases.