Sunkist Peel Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Background: Kidney disorders in diabetic patients can gradually fall into end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) which can greatly interfere with the person's quality of life, in developed countries about 50% of patients with ESKD are caused by diabetes. On the other hand, various studies on citrus fruits have been performed to explore its pharmacological benefits. Aim: this study was aimed to explore the benefits of Sunkist orange peel ethanol extract against diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats as animals’ trial. Methods: This study was used 25 rats and was divided into five groups: viz. control, standard, Sunkist Peel Ethanol Extract-I, II, and III (500, 750, and 1500 mg/kg BW). After 28 days of intervention, BUN and Creatinine levels were measured in all rats. Meanwhile, data analysis used is parametric statistics in the form of One-Way ANOVA with alternative analysis in the form of the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: This study showed that the Sunkist peels ethanol extract significantly decreased BUN (P-Value < 0.05) and creatinine (P-Value < 0.05) level. The highest dosage of extract did not show a significant difference in BUN level against standard group. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that the Sunkist peel ethanol extract has kidney protection effect against diabetic nephropathy at highest dosage (1500 mg/ kg BW).