Open AccessEffect of Vitamin A Supplementation, Cooking Oil Fortification, and Nutrition Education to Postpartum Mother on Breast Milk Retinol Levels
Author(s) -
Abdul Salam,
Dodik Briawan,
Drajat Martianto,
Abdul Razak Thaha,
Devintha Virani
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
open access macedonian journal of medical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.288
H-Index - 17
ISSN - 1857-9655
DOI - 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7006
Subject(s) - medicine , retinol , breast milk , vitamin , fortification , vitamin d and neurology , food fortification , breast feeding , physiology , vitamin a deficiency , zoology , food science , pediatrics , biochemistry , folic acid , biology
AIM: The study aims to determine the effect of two forms of Vitamin A supplementation (dose of 2 × 200 000 IU and dose of 1 × 200 000 IU), Vitamin A fortified cooking oil and nutritional education on retinol levels of breast milk.METHODS: A quasi-experiment design was used in this study with a total of 129 subjects divided into four groups; Group A (given 2 capsule of Vitamin A), Group B (given 1 capsule of Vitamin A), Group C (given cooking oil fortification), and Group D (given nutritional education). Retinol levels of the breast milk were measured 3 times (before, during, and after intervention).RESULTS: There were no differences in subject characteristics in terms of age, education, occupation, parity, and nutritional status between intervention groups (p > 0.05). The average of breast milk retinol levels was 52.15 μg/dl at the beginning. At the end of the measurement, the average decrease in breast milk retinol levels was higher in Group D (−27.2 μg/dl), and the lowest was in Group C (−9.9 μg/dl). The results of statistical tests showed that there was no difference in breast milk retinol levels between intervention groups in before, during, and after the intervention (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Fortified cooking oil and Vitamin A supplementation (1 × 200 000 IU) tend to maintain normal levels of retinol in breast milk compared to Vitamin A supplementation (2 × 200 000 IU) and nutrition education.