Visible Opacity of M Dwarfs and Hot Jupiters: The TiO B 3Π−X 3Δ Band System

The TiO B 3 Π − X 3 Δ electronic transition ( γ ′ system) is an important opacity source in the atmospheres of M dwarfs and hot Jupiter exoplanets. The 0–0, 1–0, and 2–1 bands of the B 3 Π − X 3 Δ band system have been analyzed using a TiO emission spectrum recorded at the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, operated by the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak, Arizona. Improved spectroscopic and equilibrium constants were determined. Line strengths were calculated from an ab initio transition-dipole moment function scaled using an experimental lifetime. A new line list for v ′ = 0 – 2 and v ″ = 0–4 of the B 3 Π − X 3 Δ band system is provided.