Open AccessIN SITU AND EX SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS: THE PRESENT SCENARIO
Author(s) -
Oindrila Paul,
Amrita Jasu,
Dibyajit Lahiri,
Moupriya Nag,
Rina Rani Ray
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of environmental engineering and landscape management
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.514
H-Index - 28
eISSN - 1822-4199
pISSN - 1648-6897
DOI - 10.3846/jeelm.2021.15447
Subject(s) - bioremediation , pollutant , hazardous waste , environmental science , heavy metals , industrialisation , in situ , pollution , waste management , biochemical engineering , environmental chemistry , contamination , engineering , chemistry , biology , ecology , organic chemistry , economics , market economy
Enhanced population growth, rapid industrialization, urbanization and hazardous industrial practices have resulted in the development of environmental pollution in the past few decades. Heavy metals are one of those pollutants that are related to environmental and public health concerns based on their toxicity. Effective bioremediation may be accomplished through “ex situ” and “in situ” processes, based on the type and concentration of pollutants, characteristics of the site but is not limited to cost. The recent developments in artificial neural network and microbial gene editing help to improve “in situ” bioremediation of heavy metals from the polluted sites. Multi-omics approaches are adopted for the effective removal of heavy metals by various indigenous microbes. This overview introspects two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, limitations and advantages, and the new aspects of nanobiotechnology, computational biology and DNA technology to improve the scenario.