Assessment of the severity of endogenous intoxication in Alzheimer's disease

The development of neurodegenerative pathologies, among which the leading positions worldwide belong to Alzheimer's disease, is accompanied by the activation of free radical processes in the tissues of the brain and in the patient's body as a whole, which leads to the accumulation of products of oxidative modification of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and the formation of a syndrome of endogenous intoxication. An integral indicator reflecting the severity of this syndrome is the level of substances of low and medium molecular weight in various biological media. It is known that changes at the molecular level in Alzheimer's disease occur 5-10 years before the clinical manifestation of pathology. The development of polymodal panels for biochemical screening, diagnostics, monitoring of the course of pathology is underway. The aim of this study was to determine the severity of endogenous intoxication in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. The object of the study was the blood plasma of patients, as well as fractionated leukocytes - mononuclear and polymorphonuclear. The choice of biological material for the study is dictated by the need to search for a prognostic marker of the disease available for diagnosis, as well as by the accumulated theoretical material on various metabolic changes in peripheral blood cells in neurodegenerative diseases. According to the results of the study, it was found that in patients with Alzheimer's disease in mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood, the level of substances of low and medium molecular weight is higher than in patients with vascular dementia and patients without signs of neurodegeneration. In addition, in this fraction of leukocytes, the concentration of hypoxanthine, inosine, xanthosine and their derivatives is high, which may be a consequence of the oxidative modification of nucleic acids in the cells under study.