Primary thyroid lymphoma

Primary thyroid lymphoma represents a challenging, multi-disciplinary condition that it may be found in addition to positive antibodies against thyroid. Early recognition is essential for an adequate management. A thyroid nodule but usually the entire goiter may rapidly progress to a voluminous mass causing local compressive symptoms. Most of the patients with primary thyroid lymphoma had a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Epidemiologically, primary thyroid lymphoma represents an exceptional entities opposite to papillary or follicular cancer. The first tool of evaluation is ultrasound; in order to appreciate the local and distance invasion, computed tomography is useful. Fine needle aspiration and cell block analysis or biopsy and immunohistochemistry report are essential for adequate diagnostic in order to avoid unnecessary surgery. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most frequent histological type. Chemotherapy and local radiation represents the elective management. Considering this unusual condition, awareness is the key operative word for different practitioners.