REVIEW ON WASTE MATERIAL USAGE IN CEMENT CONCRETE MIX

Nature has blessed with natural resources like rocks / minerals, vegetation, air and water. These are about one crore eighty six lakhs living creatures existing in the world. Most of the living creatures are using their intellect and residing in the natures nest, where as human being is blessed with unique knowledge and wisdom which propelled to discover wheel, moving machineries and established good shelter with ultra architectural designs. Ancient man was living in huts further more constructed mud houses with the available clay / mud. Over a period of time man discovered calcium oxide to use in construction. In 1840s, a scientist by name William Aspdin has invented the manufacturing process of Portland cement production. Over a period of time, lot of advancements took place in producing different types of cement. During 1950’s fly ash was considered as a waste and used to land fill /dumps. Over a period of time man discovered compatible chemicals in fly ash and successful in mixing Ordinary Portland cement up to 30% which is called Pozzolana Portland cement. Several Researchers tried different waste materials to be used as a potential, concrete mix and have been successful in doing so. This paper deals in reviewing potential waste materials being used in cement concrete. Granite rocks are sliced to fine plates for the utility as flooring material. In the process of cutting and smothering the granite, fine dust of approximately 50µm is generated. Researchers discovered compatibility of granite saw dust in cement mix and were successful. Everyday hundreds and thousands of tones of plastic waste is generated. Researchers also tried to use plastic waste in civil construction and partially successful as plastic is organic in nature where as cement is inorganic in nature, nevertheless plastic waste is found as a potential mix in laying bitumen road. Limestone which consists of calcium atom and oxygen atom exists naturally in certain areas where as calcium oxide is also produced synthetically by cracking calcium carbonate at approximately 1000oC. Researchers have been successful in using calcium oxide, municipal waste in civil construction at different proportions. The optimal quality of final cement is governed by particle size and its distribution. Therefore adequate review is also done in terms of particle size, distribution and quality. The current objective of this review article is to give an insight about the sustainable technologies in cement using waste materials disposed in abundance.