Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex

The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes more than 60 phylogenetic species (phylospecies) with both phytopathological and clinical importance. Because of their economical relevance, a stable taxonomy and nomenclature is crucial for species in the FFSC. To attain this goal, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several species by employing morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( tef1 ), beta-tubulin ( tub2 ), calmodulin ( cmdA ), RNA polymerase largest subunit ( rpb1 ) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit ( rpb2 ). Based on these results three new species were delimited in the FFSC. Two of these phylospecies clustered within the African clade, and one in the American clade. Epitypes were also designated for six previously described FFSC species including F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides , and a neotype designated for F. subglutinans . Furthermore, both F. acutatum and F. ophioides , which were previously invalidly published, are validated.