Open AccessAKT and ERK1/2 signaling in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Author(s) -
Klaus Schmitz,
Hauke Lang,
Jeremias Wohlschlaeger,
G.C. Sotiropoulos,
Henning Reis,
Schmid Kw,
HA Baba
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
world journal of gastroenterology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.427
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 2219-2840
pISSN - 1007-9327
DOI - 10.3748/wjg.v13.i48.6470
Subject(s) - intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , protein kinase b , mapk/erk pathway , medicine , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , cancer research , signal transduction , kinase , oncology , bioinformatics , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) are neoplasms that originate from cholangiocytes and can occur at any level of the biliary tree. Surgical resection is the current therapy of choice for this highly aggressive cancer. However, the 5-year survival still is poor, with high recurrence rates. Due to the intrahepatic growth a significant proportion of patients present with advanced disease and are not candidates for curative surgery or transplantation. The existing palliative options are of limited benefit and there is a great necessity for novel therapeutic options. In this article we review the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in ICC and present new data on the prognostic value of these protein kinases. Finally, we discuss future upcoming therapeutic options based on targeting these signaling pathways.