Open AccessEffect of Different Dietary Approaches in Comparison with High/Low-Carbohydrate Diets on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Author(s) -
Amir Abbasnezhad,
Ebrahim Falahi,
Michael J. González,
Parivash Kavehi,
Faezeh Fouladvand,
Razieh Choghakhori
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
preventive nutrition and food science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.498
H-Index - 24
eISSN - 2287-8602
pISSN - 2287-1098
DOI - 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.3.233
Subject(s) - meta analysis , blood pressure , cochrane library , confidence interval , medicine , carbohydrate , diabetes mellitus , diastole , low carbohydrate , endocrinology , food science , cardiology , chemistry , obesity , weight loss
Dietary modification is an effective method for preventing and managing hypertension. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of different dietary approaches for comparing high- and low-carbohydrate diets on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We carried out a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus without any language and time restrictions until April, 2019. We carried out a meta-analysis using both fixed and random effects models where appropriate and used the I 2 index to evaluate heterogeneity. We identified 16 eligible studies, with a total of 1,610 participants. The overall pooled net effect of different dietary approaches on SBP and DBP were -2.29 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.49 to -1.1] and -1.03 mmHg (95% CI: -1.77 to -0.29), respectively, compared with high-carbohydrate diets. Indeed, diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids more effective in reducing both SBP and DBP than high-carbohydrate diets, whereas high-protein diets were not effective. Furthermore, we found that different dietary approaches, such as low-fat diets, did not reduce SBP or DBP to a greater extent than low-carbohydrate diets. Overall, the results of our meta-analysis show that diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids are more effective in reducing both SBP and DBP than diets high in carbohydrate, whereas other dietary approaches were not effective.