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The evolutionary origin of a second radiation of annual Castilleja (Orobanchaceae) species in South America: The role of long distance dispersal and allopolyploidy
Author(s) -
Tank David C.,
Olmstead Richard G.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.3732/ajb.0800416
Subject(s) - biology , disjunct , biological dispersal , orobanchaceae , range (aeronautics) , ecology , context (archaeology) , phylogeography , evolutionary biology , phylogenetic tree , population , demography , paleontology , biochemistry , materials science , sociology , gene , composite material
Considerable attention has been directed toward understanding the wide gaps in range that are common among many groups of closely related organisms. By placing their biology and geography in a phylogenetic context, we may gain a broader knowledge of the series of historical events that have led to present species distributions. In addition to the North American annuals, a second radiation of annual Castilleja species is in Andean Peru and central Chile. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions revealed a complex history for the origin and diversification of annual Castilleja species in South America. In addition to at least three independent long‐distance dispersal events from North America, allopolyploidy has played a significant role in this disjunct radiation. Only C. attenuata occurs in both California and South America, and these results support its recent arrival to central Chile. Two Peruvian species are inferred to be allopolyploids; hybridization between annual lineages derived from independent long‐distance dispersal events from North America gave rise to C. profunda , and hybridization between South American annual and perennial species gave rise to C. cerroana . The relative importance these events are discussed with reference to the observed morphological, ecological, and distributional patterns.