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Phylogenetic relationships of aroids and duckweeds (Araceae) inferred from coding and noncoding plastid DNA
Author(s) -
Cabrera Lidia I.,
Salazar Gerardo A.,
Chase Mark W.,
Mayo Simon J.,
Bogner Josef,
Dávila Patricia
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.3732/ajb.0800073
Subject(s) - biology , paraphyly , ndhf , monophyly , botany , araceae , evolutionary biology , phylogenetic tree , clade , genetics , gene
Familial, subfamilial, and tribal monophyly and relationships of aroids and duckweeds were assessed by parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of five regions of coding ( rbcL, matK ) and noncoding plastid DNA (partial trnK intron, trnL intron, trnL – trnF spacer) for exemplars of nearly all aroid and duckweed genera. Our analyses confirm the position of Lemna and its allies (formerly Lemnaceae) within Araceae as the well‐supported sister group of all aroids except Gymnostachydoideae and Orontioideae. The last two subfamilies form the sister clade of the rest of the family. Monophyly of subfamilies Orontioideae, Pothoideae, Monsteroideae, and Lasioideae is supported, but Aroideae are paraphyletic if Calla is maintained in its own subfamily (Calloideae). Our results suggest expansion of the recently proposed subfamily Zamioculcadoideae ( Zamioculcas, Gonatopus ) to include Stylochaeton and identify problems in the current delimitation of tribes Anadendreae, Heteropsideae, and Monstereae (Monsteroideae), Caladieae/Zomicarpeae, and Colocasieae (Aroideae). Canalization of traits of the spathe and spadix considered typical of Araceae evolved after the split of Gymnostachydoideae, Orontioideae, and Lemnoideae. An association with aquatic habitats is a plesiomorphic attribute in Araceae, occurring in the helophytic Orontioideae and free‐floating Lemnoideae, but evolving independently in various derived aroid lineages including free‐floating Pistia (Aroideae).