Open AccessAn Overview of Judgment and Decision Making Research Through the Lens of Fuzzy Trace Theory
Author(s) -
Roni Setton,
Evan A. Wilhelms,
Becky Weldon,
Christina F. Chick,
Valerie F. Reyna
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
xinli kexue jinzhan
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 1671-3710
DOI - 10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.01837
Subject(s) - computer science , trace (psycholinguistics) , psychology , cognition , cognitive psychology , fuzzy logic , decision theory , information processing theory , artificial intelligence , cognitive science , information processing , mathematics , philosophy , linguistics , statistics , neuroscience
We present the basic tenets of fuzzy trace theory, a comprehensive theory of memory, judgment, and decision making that is grounded in research on how information is stored as knowledge, mentally represented, retrieved from storage, and processed. In doing so, we highlight how it is distinguished from traditional models of decision making in that gist reasoning plays a central role. The theory also distinguishes advanced intuition from primitive impulsivity. It predicts that different sorts of errors occur with respect to each component of judgment and decision making: background knowledge, representation, retrieval, and processing. Classic errors in the judgment and decision making literature, such as risky-choice framing and the conjunction fallacy, are accounted for by fuzzy trace theory and new results generated by the theory contradict traditional approaches. We also describe how developmental changes in brain and behavior offer crucial insight into adult cognitive processing. Research investigating brain and behavior in developing and special populations supports fuzzy trace theory's predictions about reliance on gist processing.