Open AccessUpdates on the development of vaccines and therapeutic options against rabies
Author(s) -
Roshan Arjun Ananda,
HooiLeng Ser,
Vengadesh Letchumanan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
progress in microbes and molecular biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2637-1049
DOI - 10.36877/pmmb.a0000100
Subject(s) - rabies , rabies virus , medicine , safer , public health , intensive care medicine , post exposure prophylaxis , disease , virology , computer security , pathology , computer science
Even though rabies has been claiming more than 50,000 deaths annually worldwide, it is considered as a vaccine-preventable viral disease. More than 95 % of the total human rabies cases are caused by dogs. During the initial stage of infection, affected individuals usually show weakess at the bitten extremities and the virus can ultimately travel to the brain causing neurological signs. In attenuated (inactivated) form, the currently in use vaccines have been recommended by WHO for the prevention (i.e. pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP) and treatment (i.e. post-exposure prophylaxis, PEP) regime againstthe rabies virus (RABV). However, given that they normally require refrigeration and are costly, there have been discussions revolving around potential development of newer, safer and cheaper alternative that can perform better and more convenient than the ones that are currently in use. The current review aims to explore general characteristics of RABV before looking into potential candidates of vaccines that have been studied. Further studies on the pathogenic mechanism of RABV and therapeutic approaches are still required to prevent the deathly infection following clinical manifestation. In sum, integrated interventional strategy emphasizing human health and animal health is essential and requires collaboration between health authorities and the public.