Open AccessPapillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Lung Metastasis after 31 Years: A Case Report
Author(s) -
Liz Maria Joseph,
Sankar Sambandam
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
east african scholars journal of medical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2617-7188
pISSN - 2617-4421
DOI - 10.36349/easms.2022.v05i03.002
Subject(s) - medicine , thyroid carcinoma , thyroid , thyroid cancer , metastasis , goiter , pathology , papillary thyroid cancer , thyroglobulin , endocrine system , cancer , oncology , hormone
Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignant tumors. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histological type of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), accounting for 90% of thyroid cancers. PTC commonly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. However, distant metastasis may rarely occur and accounts for 5% of the patients. The lungs and the bones are the most common sites for distant metastasis. Major risk factors for PTC include radiation exposure, insufficient or excess dietary iodine, Cowden’s disease, Gardner’s syndrome and dyshormonogenetic goiter. The serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level is the most sensitive and reliable marker indicating persistent or recurrent disease during follow-up after total or near-total thyroidectomy and I131 remnant ablation in patients with DTC.