GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY. APPROVING PROBIOTICS AS DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY

Once considered as a problem only in high income countries, overweight and obesity now rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. This situation accelerates the development of different approaches to investigation of obesity, makes the medical community look for new approaches to investigation of the obesity. Human’s microbiome is an imprescriptible part of it. Nevertheless it’s energetic function wasn’t fully appraised. Microbiome takes part in shorty chain fatty acids metabolism. Bacterial cells provide over 70% of daily energy for enterocytes, it’s part in general metabolism takes over 10%. ScFA can change activity of adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, stimulate leptin synthesis. Microbiome regulates synthesis of glucagon-like peptide, which has contrinsular effect. Right composition of microbiome reduces non-specific inflammation, produces isomers of linoleic acid, which can cause reduction of inflammation too. This article appraises probiotics as drugs for treatment to obesity and eradication of some conditions that can arise during obesity (atherosclerosis, hypertension, depression).