TOPONYMS AS AN OBJECT OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH

The article discusses the notion of toponym, its types and problems of its classification. The article provides detailed analysis of theoretical data concerning the problems of toponyms and their types given in the works of well-known Uzbek, Russian, German and English scholars in the sphere of toponymy. It is asserted that onomastics, in particular toponimics is an interdisciplinary linguistic trend that emerged at interface of linguistics, geography and history. The main characteristics and functions of toponyms as identification, nomination, and description are revealed. The article also highlights different types of classifications of toponyms on the basis of etymological data, according to objects’ nomination, its size and shape, semantic, thematic and geographic principles, morphological and grammatical structure, functional peculiarities and etc.