Third Level of Organization of Environmental Protection Systems: Scientific and Literature-Philosophical Flows

A historical analysis of the formation of environmental trends in science, literature and philosophies is carried out in the context of the theory of multilevel development of environmental protection systems (religion, state, science, society, international law). Eastern scientific and philosophical thought of the Middle Ages and the ancient world had an advantage over the western part of the humanization of the natural component. The formation of the term "ecology" refers to the middle of the 19th century. It was connected with the end of the era of great geographical discoveries. However, ecology in the 19th century was purely practical in nature, aimed at preserving nature in order to classify reserves for future consumption. Humanitarian-philosophical understanding of the problems of ecology and aggressive-consumer society should be placed on Russian and Indian cultures in the person of L. N. Tolstoy and M. Gandhi, who suggested the synthesis of Russian, Western and Eastern thought as a means of preventing environmental disasters. The approbation problem of developing a universal international methodological apparatus is the disunity of scientific and philosophical thought: the history of mankind develops according to a cyclical model - the medieval west was not familiar with Arabic science, and today the west is also not familiar with the theory of the noosphere, which is currently not completed.