Enhancement of the QoS Parameter of LEACH Protocol using Modified K -Means Algorithm

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of battery operated sensors deployed in the monitoring area. A massive quantity of energy of the nodes is used in the internal and external communications. There is a need of energy saving mechanism for effective and efficient communication. In this paper, we propose a new Modified-LEACH (MD-LEACH) protocol for enhancing the Quality of Services (QoS) parameters. This hierarchical routing protocol (MD-LEACH) is inspired by the k-means clustering technique to consolidate sensor networks into clusters and acquire an enhanced QoS parameter. The kmeans algorithm efforts to improve the clustering procedure of LEACH protocol using Euclidean distance and prolong the lifespan of the sensor network. This algorithm forms the optimized clusters by a distance of cluster head from cluster nodes and energy of the nodes for designated the cluster heads. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we used NS-2 simulator, and consider the QoS parameter, namely: packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, bandwidth, and throughput. The simulations results show that the MD-LEACH algorithm outperforms then the LEACH protocol by optimizing all QoS parameters and improved network performance.