Open AccessEFFECT OF K-CARRAGEENAN ON MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND BIODEGRADABLE PROPERTIES OF STARCH–CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) BIOPLASTIC
Author(s) -
Azween Abdullah,
Bonita Firdiana,
Rossy Choerun Nissa,
Rahmat Satoto,
Myrtha Karina,
Dina Fransiska,
Nurhayati Nurhayati,
Agusman Agusman,
Hari Eko Irianto,
P Priambudi,
Sri Marliah,
ISMADI ISMADI
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
cellulose chemistry and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.302
H-Index - 32
eISSN - 2457-9459
pISSN - 0576-9787
DOI - 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.95
Subject(s) - bioplastic , carboxymethyl cellulose , thermogravimetric analysis , chemistry , carrageenan , biodegradation , starch , cellulose , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , chemical engineering , ultimate tensile strength , polymer chemistry , composite material , materials science , organic chemistry , food science , waste management , sodium , engineering
Starch–carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bioplastics have limited mechanical properties. Carrageenan from seaweed is a potential reinforcement material for improving the mechanical properties of bioplastics. This study aimed to determine the effect of Kappa (κ)-carrageenan on the mechanical and thermal properties and biodegradability of starch–CMC bioplastics. In this study, carrageenan at concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% was used. The melt-mixing process was conducted at 130 °C for 4 min, using a mixer and then hot-pressing (30 kgf/cm2) at 150 °C for 5 min. The results indicated that the higher κ-carrageenan concentration increased the strength of bioplastics up to 15.7 MPa. The fracture analysis via scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated the distribution of sulfur (S) elements that described the dispersion of κ-carrageenan. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed that the interaction between the starch–CMC matrix and κ-carrageenan formed a tight hydrogen bond network. The lowest mass reduction observed by thermogravimetric analysis occurred in bioplastics with 25% carrageenan, decreasing by 48% compared with bioplastics without κ-carrageenan. The addition of κ-carrageenan was identified as not affecting the biodegradability of the bioplastics.