NEP MODEL OF MODERNIZATION: ON THE ISSUE OF OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PEASANT-COSSACK FARMS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA)

The article is devoted to a new economic policy (1921-1929) in the context of interrupted market modernization in the history of Russia and the beginning of a state-planned modernization (end of the 1920s - 1950s). The determining factor in the system of spending reforms of the 1920-s was the level of development of market relations in the agrarian sector of the NEP economy, which was largely determined by the degree of activity of the state and peasant-cossack farms, which capable of implementing food, land and tax policies. One of the conditions for the successful completion of the initiated reforms was the creation of its social base - support of reforms by political allies in the city and the village. It should be noted that the reforms of the 1920-s had their own regional characteristics. Thus, the new economic policy in the south of Russia has acquired lineaments due to special forms of land use, estate relations, and a hidden policy of decossackization by the Bolsheviks. By the mid-1920-s agriculture, as the main branch of the Russian economy, having exhausted its restoration potential, did not have the opportunity to develop independently without financial and organizational assistance from the state, while remaining the main source of socialist accumulation. The formation of new economic relations within the framework of the reforms of 1921-1929 became another attempt in the history of modernization of Russia, including the agricultural sector of the economy, which were forcibly completed by the ruling party through total collectivization.