El uso de las TIC en los sistemas educativos formales. Propuesta de marco metodológico para su caracterización y análisis

Undoubtably, the rise of technology of the information and communication (ITCs) was what revolutionized the current epoch, giving a radical turn to the way in which we communicate, learn, and work—a situation that led to considering information the most valuable resource toward progress and education the médium through which to produce it and distribute it. This led governments to generate high expectations regarding the use of technologies in education, believing that they offered the possibility of innovating teaching processes and improve learning processes, it being a motive for a UNESCO world declaration. However, recent studies demonstrate that the incorporation and use of ITCs in classrooms have not been easy for various reasons, especially the financial cost they represent, the challenge of digital literacy for teachers and students, and, most importantly, the use that they make of ITCs. In this regard, in this work, a methodological framework is proposed, understood as a set of actions geared toward describing and analyzing an object of research orientadas, in this case, the use of technologies in formal education. For this purpose, a meticulous survey is performed to choose a paradigm, a qualitative-humanistic perspective, a method, an orientation, the scope of the study, and techniques for data gathering and análisis, as well as to determine the population and sample.