Effective training interventions for the development of speed in fencing: a systematic review

Fencing is a sport in which speed, agility, explosive power and anaerobic endurance are essential for performance; reaction speed and the accuracy of the hit are also indispensable for achieving an optimal technique. This study aimed to analyse the scientific literature in order to find the most effective training methods for the development of speed in fencing. Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science databases were accessed with the purpose of finding original research studies focused on developing different forms of speed in fencing for any technical element of this sport, which were written in English, Romanian or Hungarian and were accessible in full text. Finally, 16 articles were included in the study. The types of training that led to improved fencing speed were: eccentric and plyometric training, strength training, core strength training, speed training, agility training, instability resistance training, fitness training, circuit training, ballistic and dynamic stretch training (during warm-up), functional training, bilateral transfer training, SAQ (speed, agility, quickness) training. These types of training were applied to foil, sabre and épée fencers of both genders, from various age groups and with different levels of training over periods between 1 and 12 months. To date, the exclusive superiority of one method has not been explicitly proven. In conclusion, it can be argued that several types of training can develop different forms of fencing speed, especially reaction and execution speed, which helps to achieve better performance in this sport.