Open AccessBIOCENOTIC HETEROGENEITY IN ANTHROPOZOONOSIS FOR EGGS - TRIMODULATE ECOTECHNICAL AGROCENOSIS FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF MANURE
Author(s) -
V. Kirov,
Alexander Tchoukanov
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
knowledge
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2545-4439
pISSN - 1857-923X
DOI - 10.35120/kij3403673k
Subject(s) - manure , fertilizer , organic matter , dry matter , organic fertilizer , environmental science , detritus , pulp and paper industry , degradation (telecommunications) , digestate , aeration , biogas , chemistry , anaerobic digestion , agronomy , waste management , ecology , engineering , biology , telecommunications , organic chemistry , methane
There are three models of detritus chains that reproduce the technology for processing manure applied in practice for utilization of fertilizer from hens that were raised with floor adherence to the technological standards: biotechnological chain for anaerobic degradation of fertilizer (AR); for controlled aerobic degradation (composting, K) and installation of a plant that carries out processes of extensive aerobic degradation, and there is also reproduction of good farming practices (GFP) which include the creation of conditions for uncontrolled aeration for the duration of 180 days. It is established that the AR combines to a maximal degree, environmental priorities with economic priorities as there is the production of a gas fuel and a biosludge, which exists in its highest value as a fertilizer. A modified mathematical model is proposed to optimize the technological parameters of AR. In order to obtain optimal concentration (7-8%) to achieve maximum environmental efficiency (criteria R - maximum degree of degradation of organic matter in fertilizer), a sevenfold dilution of the substrate in water is required. Seven times the amount of product (biosludge) with a relatively low dry matter content- 4.08 %, is obtained.The possibility of separating the biosludge has been studied. The liquid phase, which contains 65% of the dry matter, is found to include 60% of the organic matter and forms the predominant part of the biogenic elements: 87% of the nitrogen, in point, and 92% of the ammonium ions; 90% of the potassium, 74% of the magnesium and 79% of the calcium. More than a 1/3 of the dry matter (35%) and 40% of the organic matter remain in the solid phase, but its content of the plant-based macronutrients is much lower: for nitrogen- 13%, for phosphorus- 24%, for potassium- 10%, for magnesium- 26% and for calcium- 21%.About 20% of the energy generated as biogas is consumed for the separation and granulation of the solid fraction. To improve energy efficiency, proposed is the creation of a three-module ecotechnical system for efficient utilization of biosludge, by depositing in the soil of the agrocenosis for feed production by the method of Petrov et al (1981) every 10 months yearly and separating the biosludge during the other two months, through which soil tillage is impossible due to meteorological conditions. During this period, the liquid phase is stored in cement reservoirs and separation is managed appropriately to avoid sedimentation of the solid phase of the biosludge during storage.