Open AccessBIOCENOTIC HETEROGENEITY IN ANTHROPOZOOCENOSES FOR EGGS. ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
Author(s) -
Veselin Kirov,
Alexander Tchoukanov
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
knowledge
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2545-4439
pISSN - 1857-923X
DOI - 10.35120/kij3203329k
Subject(s) - ecotope , food chain , biosphere , environmental science , trophic level , ecology , population , biomass (ecology) , spatial heterogeneity , habitat , ecosystem , natural (archaeology) , geography , biology , landscape ecology , demography , archaeology , sociology
The biosphere and ecosystems are characterized by energy, chemical and spatial heterogeneity. To assess the effectiveness of anthropogenic activity in the transformation of a natural environment into an eco-technical system for eggs, the criterion of "biocenotic heterogeneity" is proposed which connects the said heterogeneities and is therefore considered to be integral.When biosynthesis is formed in eco-technical systems, a characteristic feature is the continuity of the production process, which requires anthropogenic formation of a new type of trophic chain. The lack of autotrophic organisms in biosynthesis and the transformation of the ecotope from a source of food resources (as in natural ecosystems) into a habitat of the economically useful population is the cause of the torn circle of matter in the eco-systems of egg, meat or milk production. The break of the matter circle is at 4 points: the introduction of biogenic elements and energy with the ration, which includes components derived from ecotopes geographically remote from the ecotechnical system; in drinking water, which also occurs in many farms from a geographically remote ecotope; in the export of the secondary organic production used for human food; in the disposal of organic waste /manure, animal bodies, etc./. The lack of biopotentials of a bioreduction unit forces the resulting waste biomass to be removed from the ecotope.Two-component mesocosmos model has been applied to modeling the eco-technical system for eggs, and studies have been conducted with 5 lines of laying hеns. The increase in biocenotic heterogeneity has led to a hundredfold increase in bio-productivity at the primary bio-consumers level, with the ability to manage the quality of the produced produce. the environmental risk is increased as it stems from the linearity of the technological processes, which results in organic manure. The manure is a prominent risk factor, so this is the reason to make a risk assessment of his storage for 180-days. There are greenhouse gases and nitrogen emission. The environmental risk is also due to pathogenic microorganisms in the manure. In the fresh manure the microbial landscape is as follows: total number – 2.8.1010; Cl. perfringens – 3.9.103; E. coli -6.1.104 and Enterococcus - 2.2.108.. When we have a storage of manure for 180 days, we do not have a microbial decontamination. The changes in a number of hygiene indicator microorganisms in the manure (calculated on a dry matter basis) are as fallow: increase of total number with 336%; Cl. perfringens –with 564%, E. coli - with 180,3% and reducing of microorganisms of the genus. Enterococcus – with 66,4%.