Open AccessCigarette Smoking and Its Financial Burden among Iranian Households: Evidence from Household Income and Expenditures Survey
Author(s) -
Enayatollah Homaie Rad,
Mohammad Hajizadeh,
Satar Rezaei,
Anita Reihanian
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of research in health sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.317
H-Index - 20
eISSN - 2228-7809
pISSN - 2228-7795
DOI - 10.34172/jrhs.2020.28
Subject(s) - tobit model , socioeconomic status , consumption (sociology) , household income , environmental health , tobacco control , educational attainment , psychological intervention , index (typography) , socioeconomics , medicine , geography , economics , population , public health , economic growth , social science , nursing , archaeology , psychiatry , sociology , world wide web , computer science , econometrics
Background: The financial burden of cigarette smoking on households’ budget is not well documented in Iran. We aimed to identify the determinants of cigarette consumption and its financial burden among households in Iran. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 39,864 Iranian’s households from 31 provinces were included in the analysis. Data on sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics (age, sex, household size, education level, employment status, income and wealth index), living area, number of cigarettes smoked and cigarette expenditures for households were extracted from the 2016 Household Income and Expenditures Survey (HIES). Tobit model was used to identify the determinants of cigarette smoking frequency and expenditures among Iranian households. Results: The average number of cigarettes smoked and cigarettes expenditures by all household members was 85.25 cigarettes and US$ 2.64 per month. Living in urban areas, wealth index of households, household income, household size and low educational attainment of household members were positively associated with frequency and expenditures of cigarette smoking. Results also indicated increasing patterns in the number of cigarettes smoked and cigarettes expenditures from east to west of the country. East Azerbaijan, Hamadan, Markazi and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provinces had higher cigarette smoking frequency and expenditures in Iran. Conclusions: Tobacco control interventions in Iran should focus more on households living in urban areas and low-educated households. As the frequency of cigarette smoking was higher in the western region of Iran, comprehensive tobacco control policies should be adopted in western provinces.