STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH AS A METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR MODELING URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM OF ECOTOURISM TERRITORIES

Ecotourism territory is a specially protected natural area, whose function is the development of ecological tourism. The purpose of the development of the ecotourism territory is to preserve the natural and cultural heritage, with the recreational use of the territory. The contradictions that arise between the recreational use of the territory and the preservation of natural and cultural heritage lead to the need to manage the processes of recreational impact on the territory. The tool for solving the problem is a modeling method that provides the necessary synthesis of knowledge about the human environment. The complexity of the urban planning system of the ecotourism territory does not allow making urban planning decisions based on one comprehensive model. The system representation of the modeling object consists of an interconnected consideration of it from functional and morphological (structural) positions. Therefore, the structural and functional approach has become the methodological basis for modeling. It allows determining the main spatial patterns of the formation of a stable planning structure of the ecotourism territory. The structural-functional approach provides consideration of external environment of the ecotourism territory as a holistic formation - a territorial system. It makes possible to comprehensively evaluate and present it as the urban planning system. The functional decomposition of the urban planning system consists in a hierarchical division of functions into the main (preservation of natural and cultural heritage), subordinate main (recreational use of the territory) and additional (servicing visitors and territories). As a result, the sustainability of the planning framework structure depends on the preservation and restoration of the integrity of the ecological and eco-cultural frameworks of the ecotourism territory.