Open AccessA multi-ingredient, pre-workout supplement is apparently safe in healthy males and females
Author(s) -
Jordan M. Joy,
Ryan P. Lowery,
Paul H. Falcone,
Roxanne M. Vogel,
Matt M. Mosman,
Chih-Yin Tai,
Laura R. Carson,
Dylan Kimber,
David Choate,
Michael P. Kim,
Jacob M. Wilson,
Jordan R. Moon
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
food and nutrition research/food and nutrition research. supplement
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.041
H-Index - 37
eISSN - 1654-6628
pISSN - 1654-661X
DOI - 10.3402/fnr.v59.27470
Subject(s) - medicine , hemoglobin , zoology , biology
Background Pre-workout supplements (PWS) have become increasingly popular with recreational and competitive athletes. While many ingredients used in PWS have had their safety assessed, the interactions when combined are less understood. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the safety of 1 and 2 servings of a PWS. Design Forty-four males and females (24.4±4.6 years; 174.7±9.3 cm; 78.9±18.6 kg) from two laboratories participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either one serving (G1; n =14) or two servings (G2; n =18) of PWS or serve as an unsupplemented control (CRL; n =12). Blood draws for safety panels were conducted by a trained phlebotomist before and after the supplementation period. Results Pooled data from both laboratories revealed significant group×time interactions ( p <0.05) for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; CRL: 30.9±0.8–31.0±0.9 pg; G1: 30.7±1.1–30.2±0.7 pg; G2: 30.9±1.2–30.9±1.1 pg), MCH concentration (CRL: 34.0±0.9–34.4±0.7 g/dL; G1: 34.1±0.9–33.8±0.6 g/dL; G2: 34.0±1.0–33.8±0.8 g/dL), platelets (CRL: 261.9±45.7–255.2±41.2×10 3 /µL; G1: 223.8±47.7–238.7±49.6×10 3 /µL; G2: 239.1±28.3–230.8±34.5×10 3 /µL), serum glucose (CRL: 84.1±5.2–83.3±5.8 mg/dL; G1: 86.5±7.9–89.7±5.6 mg/dL; G2: 87.4±7.2–89.9±6.6 mg/dL), sodium (CRL: 137.0±2.7–136.4±2.4 mmol/L; 139.6±1.4–140.0±2.2 mmol/L; G2: 139.0±2.2–138.7±1.7 mmol/L), albumin (CRL: 4.4±0.15–4.4±0.22 g/dL; G1: 4.5±0.19–4.5±0.13 g/dL; G2: 4.6±0.28–4.3±0.13 g/dL), and albumin:globulin (CRL: 1.8±0.30–1.8±0.28; G1: 1.9±0.30–2.0±0.31; G2: 1.8±0.34–1.8±0.34). Each of these variables remained within the clinical reference ranges. Conclusions The PWS appears to be safe for heart, liver, and kidney function in both one-serving and two-serving doses when consumed daily for 28 days. Despite the changes observed for select variables, no variable reached clinical significance.