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The key players of calcium (Ca 2+ ) homeostasis and Ca 2+  signal generation, which are Ca 2+  channels, Ca 2+ /H +  antiporters, and Ca 2+ -ATPases, are present in all fungi. Their coordinated action maintains a low Ca 2+  baseline, allows a fast increase in free Ca 2+  concentration upon a stimulus, and terminates this Ca 2+  elevation by an exponential decrease – hence forming a Ca 2+  signal. In this respect, the Ca 2+  signaling machinery is conserved in different fungi. However, does the similarity of the genetic inventory that shapes the Ca 2+  peak imply that if “you’ve seen one, you’ve seen them all” in terms of physiological relevance? Individual studies have focused mostly on a single species, and mechanisms elucidated in few model organisms are usually extrapolated to other species. This mini-review focuses on the physiological relevance of the machinery that maintains Ca 2+  homeostasis for growth, virulence, and stress responses. It reveals common and divergent functions of homologous proteins in different fungal species. In conclusion, for the physiological role of these Ca 2+  transport proteins, “seen one,” in many cases, does not mean: “seen them all.”

Calcium Transport Proteins in Fungi: The Phylogenetic Diversity of Their Relevance for Growth, Virulence, and Stress Resistance