Open AccessApplication of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in the Etiological Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis During the Perioperative Period of Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Author(s) -
Xiaodong Zeng,
Jinlin Wu,
Xin Li,
Weiping Xiong,
Lili Tang,
Xueming Li,
Jian Zhuang,
Rong Yu,
Jimei Chen,
Xuhua Jian,
Liming Lei
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.711
H-Index - 30
ISSN - 2297-055X
DOI - 10.3389/fcvm.2022.811492
Subject(s) - medicine , perioperative , infective endocarditis , etiology , streptococcus , blood culture , prospective cohort study , endocarditis , gastroenterology , microbiological culture , surgery , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , antibiotics , bacteria , genetics
Objective The present study aimed to prospectively evaluate the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the etiological diagnosis of patients with perioperative infective endocarditis (IE). Methods From May 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2020, a total of 99 patients with IE were enrolled in the present study according to the modified Duke criteria, etiological, and pathological results. 11 non-IE patients undergoing heart valve surgery in the same period were selected as the control group. A blood culture test was performed immediately after admission, and the valves harvested operatively were examined by blood culture and mNGS. Results In the IE group, there were 29 cases (29.3%) with positive blood culture, 16 cases (16.2%) with positive valve culture, and 85 cases (85.9%) with positive valve mNGS. Compared to culture-based detection, mNGS achieved better performance with a sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.859, 0.727, and 0.793, respectively. The combined approach using culture and mNGS further improved the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 89.9%, specificity 72.7%, AUC 0.813). Preoperative white blood cell ( P = 0.029) and neutrophils ( P = 0.046) were identified as independent factors affecting the detection rate of mNGS. In the mNGS-positive group, 95 strains of pathogens were found and 10 cases were identified with mixed infection. There were 72 gram-positive bacteria and 14 gram-negative bacteria. mNGS positive group displayed higher species richness than mNGS negative group with enrichment of Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus buccalis, and Streptococcus griseus. Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes were enriched in mNGS negative group. Notably, six patients showed disconcordant results between culture and mNGS. Rothia aeria was identified in the blood culture, valve culture, and valve mNGS in one patient. Bartonella Quintana and Coxiella burnetii, which were fastidious intracellular bacteria, were found in two blood and valve culture-negative cases. Conclusions mNGS outperformed the conventional culture method and displayed high accuracy in detecting pathogens in IE patients. This study provided support for the use of mNGS in the etiological diagnosis of IE.