Ecological and economic evaluation of technologies of growing of winter wheat selection material in regulated agroecosystems

The influence of the main parameters of the external environment (lighting, its quality and quantity, temperature, sowing scheme and seasons) on early maturity, productivity of winter wheat plants in soil greenhouses and hothouses is shown. In 1978 at the price of 1 kopeck for 1 kW/h of electricity the cost of grown products was not relevant. Over time, when the price of electricity rose to UAH 1 gryvna 68 kopecks, the relevance of the cost of grown products, especially breeding material, is decisive. In this regard, we conducted a detailed economic analysis of electricity costs for growing 1 g of winter wheat grain and 1 m2 of usable area, depending on the types of lamps, sowing schemes, seasons, and proposed energy-saving growing technologies. The results of scientific research on the cultivation of winter wheat in the area with heated soil are presented. The study of the peculiarities of growth and development of winter wheat plants in this area and on this basis developed energy-saving technologies for its cultivation, which provided significant energy savings, contrasting it in the winter-spring period (January-March) soil greenhouse conditions. In the vacated greenhouse during this period the second generation of selection material of winter wheat was grown or vegetable crops were grown as an element of crop rotation. This area is a normal heating main, which is laid to the selection greenhouses ES-71 (k. GDR). In this area, represented by the usual arable layer of chernozem soil of our zone, which is 1.5 m wide and 50 m long.