Influence of plant exometabolites of different soybean varieties on aggressiveness and intensity of sporulation of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of exometabolites in plants of different soybean varieties and technologies of their cultivation on the aggressiveness and intensity of sporulation of fungi isolates Fusarium graminearum Schwabe.The object of the study were plant exometabolites of soybean varieties: Suzirya of selection of National Research Center of the Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine and Kent of selection of Saatbau Linz in Austria. Since organic production denies the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, an alternative to them is the use of technologies with biological products of different action. Therefore, of these varieties of soybean plants were grown according to the technologies developed in the companies: Filazonit Ukraine LLC, Modern Agricultural Technologies LLC, A-Rice LLC, as well as in the company BTU-Center, PE.Found that exometabolites of studied soybean varieties, grown on listed technologies, lead to increased aggressiveness of isolates of the fungus F. graminearum. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 21.3% to 29.8%, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 21.14% to 25.46%. This indicates their medium aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the fungus population.It is established that the exometabolites of the studied soybean cultivars grown by the listed technologies lead to a decrease in the intensity of sporulation of fungus isolates F. graminearum compared to control. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 5,7·106 cells/ml to 12,11·106 cells/ml, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 4,25·106 cells/ml to 10,2·106 cells/ml. This indicates their average aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the population of the fungus on this basis.Thus, the obtained results of studies point to a significant influence of metabolic products of plants of different varieties of soybean and their cultivation technology on physiological and biochemical properties of pathogenic fungi F. graminearum.