Influence of fertilization and chemical recruitment systems on the structure of the garmental complex of gray forest soil

One of the most common soils in Ukraine is soilsof forest origin. These soils are a valuable agriculturalfund, the rational use of which is impossible withouta detailed study of their pedogenesis, physicochemical and other properties in general. These soils were formed under the conditions of the washing water regime and are marked by the acid reaction of the soil solution. The latter contributes to the leaching of bases from the humus-eluvial horizon, which changes the ionic balance in the soil solution and reduces the degree of saturation of the soil absorption complex, which is a set of mineral, organic and organo-mineral components of solid soil capable of iona. The absorptive capacity of soils is one of the most important functions, as it is directly involved in the processes of soil formation and the formation of their fertility. Studies conducted in a long-term field experiment established in 1992 on gray forest soil to determine agrogenic factors, namely — long-term use of various fertilizer systems (mineral green manure and plant by-products and organo-mineral system) and liming, showed changes in the structure of exchange cations the soil-absorbing complex (GVK) and physicochemical properties of the studied soil under conditions ofits intensive use as «arable land» in order to increaseits effective fertility. For a more objective assessment of the above factors for changes in the absorption complex of the soil, the obtained results were compared not only with absolute control, but also tied to the initial state, i.e. the soil of the virgin area located near the experimental field. Against the background of research, it was found that fertilizer systems have different effects on the content of exchange bases in GVK and their ratio, the amount of exchange cations, the absorption capacity of cations and the degree of soil saturation with bases. Liming of acid soils for a long time reduces acidity and improves the complex of properties that affect thelevel of fertility. The application of ameliorant givesa noticeable (on sod-podzolic soil) or significant (onchernozem) increase in yield. The use of mineral fertilizers on calcareous soils has a much greater effect. The positive influence of chemical ameliorants on physicochemical properties of gray forest soil is noted. The content of calcium and magnesium exchange in the soil absorption complex increases, the ratio between them improves, and the absorption content increases.