Impact of Agromeliorative Measures on the Specific Surface of Soil

The article is devoted to the study of the regularity of changes in the specific surface of soil under the influence of agromeliorative measures, mainly irrigation and agrotechnical works carried out in the gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula of Azerbaijan. Based on four years of experiments, it was determined that changes occur in the specific surface of the soil in the plowed layer as a result of the agromeliorative measures taken. Thus, a decrease in the specific surface area was observed in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and an increase in the specific surface area was observed in the 20–40 cm soil layer. In the first year of the experiments, the value of the average specific surface in the 0–20 cm soil layer was 3,098–3,988 cm2/g, and in the 20–40 cm soil layer it was 1,056–3,567 cm2 /g. However, after four years, the value of the special surface was 1,949–3,340 cm2/g in the 0–20 cm soil layer and 3,290–5,023 cm2/g in the 20–40 cm layer. The increase in the specific surface area in the lower layers of the soil is due to the gradual washing of dust, silt and colloidal particles from the plow layer to the lower layers. The reduction of the specific surface in the topsoil leads to the degradation of the topsoil, the deterioration of the water-physical properties, the formation of compaction below the topsoil, and ultimately the reduction of soil fertility. The article makes specific suggestions to prevent this process. It was also identified based on the calculations that the specific surface area of the soil, rich in silt, dust and colloidal particles, is many times larger than the specific surface area of sandy soil. The specific surface area of colloidal silt is 43,000 times larger than the specific surface area of dust and 130,000 times larger than the specific surface area of sand.