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Prevalence of the Main Mycotoxins in Fodder Raw Materials and Their Characteristic
Author(s) -
E. I. Simonova,
K. Kondrashkina,
Е. O. Rystsova,
Marina Bolshakova
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
bûlletenʹ nauki i praktiki
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2414-2948
DOI - 10.33619/2414-2948/50/19
Subject(s) - mycotoxin , zearalenone , fusarium , biology , aflatoxin , ochratoxin a , fumonisin , citrinin , toxicology , diacetoxyscirpenol , penicillium , food science , microbiology and biotechnology , botany
Mycotoxins are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. The most relevant groups of mycotoxins found in animal feed are produced by three genera of fungi: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species. Animal feeds are routinely contaminated by mycotoxins from diverse sources. In most cases, the concentrations are low enough to ensure compliance with Maximum Permitted Levels. Poultry, pigs and also aquatic vertebrates are very sensitive to mycotoxins. Ruminants are, however, generally more resistant to the adverse effects of mycotoxins, since the rumen microbiota is capable of degrading mycotoxins. Mycotoxins cause huge economic damage, leading to increased costs for health and veterinary care, as well as reduce livestock production. The effects of long-term exposure of aflatoxins are associated with the reduction of weight gain, decreased milk or egg production, teratogenicity. Ochratoxin A causes renal toxicity and possesses carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive and possibly neurotoxic properties. The main trichothecenes mycotoxins are T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and diacetoxyscirpenol. Deoxynivalenol is primarily known for causing feed refusal, weight loss. It also causes lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, bloody diarrhea and severe dermatitis accompanied by hemorrhaging. Zearalenone and some of its metabolites, can competitively bind to oestrogen receptors leading to reproductive disorders and oestrogenic dysfunction, impairing fertility and increasing the frequency of stillbirths along with reducing sperm quality. Fumonisin causes carcinogenicity and cardiovascular toxic effects.

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