Modern Aspects of Etiology, Mechanisms, Pathogenesis and Diagnostics of Ovarian Formations

This review focuses on ovarian lesions. Ovarian tumors occupy the 3rd place among all tumors of the female genital organs, and 7th in the overall structure of malignant tumors, so the problem of timely diagnosis and treatment of ovarian lesions remains relevant. The share of benign ovarian tumors accounts for 70–80%. Among benign ovarian lesions, epithelial lesions are most common — tatami up to 16% and cystadenoma up to 22.8%. Histogenesis of ovarian formations is not fully understood, which explains the contradictions in the origin of a particular tumor. For the first time, features of the mechanisms of neoplasm formation have been described by A. Knudson et al., his team was one of the first to develop and publish the theory of ‘double strike’, interpreting the mechanisms for implementing sporadic and hereditary forms of neoplasms. Ovarian cancer — both on the part of the etiology and the clinical picture of a heterogeneous genetically determined pathology. The basis of the emergence of this group of tumors is the mutation of the genetic apparatus of the cell. Yes, indeed, the diagnostic search for ovarian masses is difficult, and there is a perception that it may also be delayed due to an asymptomatic or asymptomatic course of the disease. The complex of diagnostic measures for ovarian formations should include interviewing patients with anamnesis data collection, clinical and special examination. Thus, in modern conditions, the diagnostic algorithm for searching ovarian formations requires an integrated approach to identify ovarian formations at early stages of development, as well as to conduct differential diagnostics with subsequent determination of the morphological structure of the tumor.