Long-term trends in production and composition of ryegrass-white clover pasture intensively grazed by dairy-beef cattle

A measure of pasture persistence is stability of yield and proportion of desirable species over a long period. Long-term data on animal production and pasture yield and composition of old permanent pasture in the Manawatu were examined for trends indicative of persistence. The data were collected from two sets of replicated 1.6-ha farmlets intensively grazed by dairybeef bulls stocked at 7.4 yearlings wintered/ha for 16 of 18 years from 1969-1986, and 11 years from 1978 and 1988, respectively. Annual total LWG, total yield of DM and the yields of ryegrass, white clover and other species showed year-to-year variation. There was no long-term decline in production indicating that for this environment and management system ryegrass and white clover were inherently persistent under intensive grazing at high stocking rates. These results are discussed in the context of anecdotal reports of poor persistence of modern cultivars, with particular emphasis on the effects that high stocking rates, intensive utilisation and defoliation management may have on persistence. Keywords: cattle, grazing, pasture, persistence, ryegrass, white clover