Open AccessRight and Left-sided Valve Disease: A Case of Subclinical Intrapulmonary Shunt in an Adult with Malignant Carcinoid
Author(s) -
Ross M Hansen,
Gregory D. Chapman
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
biomedical and translational science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2768-4911
DOI - 10.33425/2768-4911.1005
Subject(s) - carcinoid heart disease , medicine , carcinoid syndrome , shunt (medical) , pulmonary valve , cardiology , carcinoid tumour , lung , subclinical infection
Carcinoid tumors are highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) that most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Liver metastases bypass first-pass metabolism and liberate vasoactive hormones into systemic circulation, causing flushing and diarrhea. Prolonged levels of circulating serotonin may adversely affect the heart by creating fibrotic endocardial deposits on native valves. The remaining serotonin is metabolized in the pulmonary circuit that leads to pathognomonic valvular disease isolated to the right side of the heart. We present a case of an adult male with known carcinoid syndrome who presented with involvement of right, as well as left-sided valves. He was found to have an intrapulmonary shunt on transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with bubble study. Intrapulmonary shunt should be considered, in conjunction with right-to-left shunt, lung involvement, and high levels of serotonin, for carcinoid patients with right and left-sided valve disease.