Lingual-Semantic Phenomena of Polysemy, Synonyms, Antonyms, Paronyms and Homonyms in the Process of Mastering of Ukrainian Medical Terms System by a Foreign Student

Vocabulary-semantic level of functioning of medical terms in terms system of Ukrainian language has been investigated in the article, in particular phenomena of polysemy, synonyms, antonyms and paronyms, lingual and inter-lingual homonyms of medical terms have been analyzed in the process of their learning by foreign students-medics. It has been specified, that these lingual-semantic phenomena are the reasons of main communicative difficulties during learning of Ukrainian as a foreign language, which cause misunderstandings with language speakers, generate language barriers, that significantly complicates the process of socio-cultural adaptation and formation of professional communicative competency of a foreigner. The attention is accented on both fundamental (theoretical) and applied aspects of investigation of mentioned phenomena in the article. Types of lingual exercises for assimilation of lexical level of professional language have been presented in the article, taking into account outlined lingual-semantic phenomena. Reasons of appearance of polysemy and synonyms of medical terms have been analyzed, it has been defined, that synonyms are the most common ones among all lingual-semantic phenomena. It has been proved, that phenomenon of antonyms promotes systematization of terms, demonstrating symmetry of medical terms system. It has been explained, that studying of units of medical terms system of Ukrainian language by a foreigner depends on the level of professional and linguistic erudition, as well as on lingual intuition of a student. Professional erudition provides understanding of essence of concepts, which are indicated by term, while linguistic erudition provides knowledge of basic lingual laws by a student. The conclusion has been made during the course of investigation, that phenomena of polysemy, synonyms, antonyms, paronyms, lingual and inter-lingual homonyms of medical terms in one hand create difficulties in mastering Ukrainian language in the process of their learning by foreign students-medics, and on the other hand, these phenomena emphasize regularity, logical stipulation and motivation of medical terms system through symmetry of terms, foreigners’ knowledge, sound similarity or identity with international terms system. Due to these phenomena, learning of Ukrainian as a foreign language provides activation of cognitive processes of a student and application of logical, system and thematic principles of studying of lexical terms units.