Assessment of Toxicity and Safety Profiles of Nanoparticles

The world of medicine explored the use of nanoparticles in therapeutics in the last two decades. Owing to the advantages nanoparticles offer, they are proving beneficial to overcome many drawbacks faced by small drug molecules. Since the nature, architecture, shape, size, and mechanism of action of nanomedicines totally different from regularly used drugs, it is important to work on the possible toxicity these nanoparticles are causing so that its safety can be ensured. In today’s scenario, a lot of industries and institutes are synthesizing nano drugs, so it is important to check its toxicity and safety evaluation under in vivo and in vitro conditions, as it has come to fore that number of metal and carbon-based nanoparticles, although proving useful further display increased toxicity. Taken into consideration nanoparticle toxicity and safety, the present review discusses the exact working of nanoparticles at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels and the toxicity associated with it. The present strategies for safety assessment have also been reviewed. The research involving nanomaterials in therapeutics demand strict regulation in nanoparticle synthesis, its usage, properly regulated clinical trials ensuring safety assessment.