Impacto da composição dietética e do treinamento resistido sobre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e o tecido adiposo abdominal em idosas

Senescence occurs as a natural organic aging process which brings changes in body composition and quality of life. These conditions result in an increased risk to develop cardiovascular diseases, making it necessary to eat properly and to exercise. Objective: To evaluate the effects of two dietary patterns (high-protein, 1.8 g proteins/kg/day; normoproteic, 1.0 g proteins/kg/day) with a 300 kcal reduction associated with resistance training on cardiovascular risk indicators and android adipose tissue in overweight and/or obese older adult women. Methods: The sample consisted of 25 older adult women aged ≥ 60 years and body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m². Participants were allocated into three separate groups by randomization and submitted to a resistance training program for eight weeks. Anthropometric and dietary data were collected. Results: A significant effect of time (Pre vs. Post) was found regarding anthropometric variables and cardiovascular risks indicators in the control group with an increase in waist circumference (p = 0.0001) and waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.002). There was a significant effect of the time for body mass index and fat percentage in the high-protein group (p = 0.039; p = 0.002) and normoproteic group (p = 0.001; p = 0.012), respectively, while the normoproteic group had a significant decrease of the time effect (p = 0.001) for body mass index, although there was no significance (p = 0.088) for this parameter in the high-protein group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a prescriptive diet with different protein intake and caloric restriction patterns associated with resistance training for eight weeks seems to be ineffective in decreasing cardiovascular risk factors or android adipose tissue in older adult women.Keywords: aging, body composition, resistance training, diet, obesity.