THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND MILITARY ORGANISATION ON THE SLOVENIAN TERRITORY

Ta vojna je bila drugačna od vseh do takrat, v njej pa je sodelovalo 28 držav ali tri četrtine človeštva. Boji so potekali na morju, zemlji in ob koncu tudi v zraku, žrtev pa je bilo toliko kot v nobeni vojni, in sicer 20 milijonov. Trajala je štiri leta na fronti in v zaledju, uničila največje imperije ter vplivala na uspešno izvedeno boljševistično revolucijo v Rusiji. Drugačna je bila tudi zaradi nove vojaške tehnike. Nove vrste orožja, letalo, tank, strojnica in plin so spremenili do takrat znano strategijo ter taktiko delovanja vojaških enot. Avstro-Ogrska se je na vojno skupaj s svojima zaveznicama Nemčijo in Italijo pripravljala dvajset let, vendar vojna ni potekala po teh načrtih. Vojaki v »slovenskih« polkih so najprej krvaveli na frontah v Galiciji, leta 1915 pa se fronta odprla na slovenskem nacionalnem ozemlju ob Soči in posegla tako v vojaško kot civilno življenje na Slovenskem. Ob koncu vojne so bile na slovenskem ozemlju, predvsem v Mariboru pod poveljstvom generala Maistra, vzpostavljene enote, ki so bile sicer formacijsko podobne tistim pred vojno, vendar popolnoma drugačne predvsem po nacionalni strukturi in liniji poveljevanja. Vzpostavljena je bila slovenska vojska, ki se je že takoj po tem začela tako kot druge državne institucije Države SHS izgubljati v vojski in upravi nove države.Ključne besede: prva svetovna vojna, Avstro-Ogrska, vojaška organiziranost, posledice vojne, vsakodnevno življenje.AbstractThis war was different from all other wars that had taken place until then. It included 28 countries or three quarters of the humanity. The battles took place at sea, on land and, in the end, even in the air. The number of victims was larger than in any other war before that and amounted to 20 million. It lasted four years on the front line and in the rear, destroyed the largest empires, and influenced the successful Bolshevik revolution in Russia. It was also different because of the new military technical means. New types of weapons, aircraft, tanks, machine guns and gas have changed the strategy and tactics of military units known to date. Together with its allies Germany and Italy, Austria-Hungary had been preparing for the war for twenty years, but the course of the war did not follow their plans. First, soldiers in "Slovenian" regiments bled on the front lines in Galicia, and, in 1915, the front line opened on the Slovenian national territory along the Isonzo River interfering both with military and civilian life in Slovenia. At the end of the war, on the Slovenian territory, in particular in Maribor units were formed under the command of General Maister. They were formed in a similar way than the units before the war, but their composition differed completely, mainly in terms of the nationality structure and the chain of command. Slovenian armed forces were established; however, they began to vanish in the light of the armed forces and the administration of the new state immediately afterwards, just like other state institutions of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.Key words: First World War, Austria-Hungary, military organisation, aftermath of the war, daily life.