Prevention of Clinical Laboratory Test Error: Pre-analytical Error

Laboratory test errors are classified into 3 categories: 1) pre-analytical error, 2) analytical error, and 3) post-analytical error. Most errors occur during pre-analytical step, usually caused by human error. The errors make laboratory result unreliable, following with the improper patient care by increasing cost, misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and unexpected complication (even death). Therefore, the implementation of regulation to improve the sample handling process by accurate identification, contamination control, appropriate collection and transportation, is necessary to reduce the errors. In addition, awareness of test’s limitation and communication with laboratory service, when the result is not consistent with clinical manifestation, are also the important factors. The above measures should lead to the appropriate interpretation of laboratory result, following with the effective patient care. Apart from the laboratory test errors, the test itself could give falsely positive or falsely negative results. Therefore, the appropriate laboratory use based on indication is the vital part to minimize unnecessary consequences.