Problems of Effective Therapy of Brain Neoplasms: Fatality or Positive Outlook

The search for “mesenchymal stem cells, glioma, and treatment”showed 446 articles in PubMed on December 18, 2019. The resultsof scientific research presented in articles by professionals ononcological topics focus on the problem of malignancy of braintumors and early detection of neoplasms in brain. The degree ofglioblastoma’s (GB) malignancy is determined by the content ofcancer stem cells, identification of transcription factors, for example,OLIG2, cyclin D2 (CCND2) [1]. The complexity of therapy inglioblastomas is largely determined by tumor heterogeneity andinsoluble problem of complete removal of tumor cells duringsurgery. These facts are the basis for accurate identification of cellsin GB by sequencing in order to personalize combined therapyand increase effectiveness of antitumor therapy. Unfortunately,the effectiveness of gliomas’ treatment and, especially treatmentof grade IV glioblastoma, is premature to state, given the statisticsof mortality from this pathology [1-3]. New innovative solutionsare needed in this field of oncology. Positive results of cell therapyof brain tumors in experimental and clinical conditions are amongthese solutions. Articles have been published that contain analyses ofthe studies of authors who introduced umbilical cord mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs) into GB tissue and observed inhibition of GBcell growth and development [3]. MicroRNA molecules releasedfrom Extracellular Vesicles of umbilical cord MSCs are consideredto be the proposed mechanism of such therapeutic effect [3].Therefore, data are accumulating on the functional role of exosomesin oncological topics and the reality of MSCs use as one of thecomponents in the treatment of GB [3-5].